The risk of developing heart attacks or abnormal heart rhythms during sex is low in men with well controlled hypertension, mild disease of the heart's valves, well controlled heart failure, mild and stable angina (with a favorable treadmill stress test), successful coronary stenting or bypass surgery, and a remote history of heart attack (more than 8 weeks previously). Sildenafil can be used safely in men in these low risk groups.
The risk of heart attack or abnormal heart rhythms during sex is higher in men with unstable angina (angina that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion), poorly controlled hypertension, moderate to severe heart failure, moderate to severe disease of the heart's valves, recent heart attack (less than 2 weeks previously), potentially life threatening disorders of heart rhythm such as recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and moderate to severe disease of the heart's muscle. In these men, doctors usually stabilize or treat the heart conditions before prescribing sildenafil.
Before starting sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, a doctor may need to determine whether the heart can safely achieve the workload necessary for sexual activity. For example, in men with coronary artery heart disease, a doctor may perform a treadmill stress test to determine whether there is adequate blood supply to the heart muscle while exercising at levels comparable to sexual activity.